Apparatus for treating liquids.



C. H. CAMPBELL;-

APPARATUS ma TREATING uoums.

APPLlCATlOP-l FILED JAN. 7. 1916. 1 5 Pmtfiflibfifl Jam. 15, 1918.

a SHEETS-SHEET 1.

C. H. CAMPBELL.

APPARATUS FOR TREATING LIQUIDS. APPLICATWN FILED IAN. 7. 1916.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

C. H. CAMPBELL.

APPARATUS FOR TREATING uoums.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 7, 1916.

Patented J an. 15, 1918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

trierran era a CHARLESH. GAMBBEDL, on NEW Yemen. essienon-g'ro "eeannws CONDENSED MILK cor/many, vor NEW-YORK,- n. Y., A conromrrron or New: JERSEY.

I APPARATUS FOR TREATING LIQUIDS.

Specification Letters Patent.

Patented. Jan. i5, rare. 1

Original application filed July 25, 1913, Serial No. 781,081. Divided and applieationfiled October 8; 1914, Serial No. 865 ,6 17; Divided-and this applicationfiled January '7; 19165 SerialNo; 70,735.

To all whom it may concern Be it known' that 1, CHARLES H. Cam nnnma citizen of the United States,resid ing in the borough of Manhattan, city, county, and- State-otN'eW' Yorlnhave invented a'certain new and useful Apparatus for Treating'Liquids, of which thefollowing is a specificatiom thiscase being a division-of my pending application-for'patent, Serial No. 865,64J, filed October 8, 1914, original application Serial No 781,081, filed July 25,1913. 1

This invention relates to the art of heattreating liquids, and is peculiarly adapted tothe treatment of those liquids which require the elimination or neutralization of the 11 art added in effecting certain desired results, as for instance in the pasteurization of milk, which requires that the milk under treatn'lent be raised to a given uniform-tenr per ature throughout the entire mass under treatment as rapidly as possible,and without delay cooled uniformly throughout this entire mass rap1dly.-

Insome methods, now nruse, of treating liquids in whichbacteria-and pathological germs develop rapidly at certain temperaturesit has been found that during the interval elapsingbetween the'heating and the coolin and also during the time required to eliminate the heat fronr the entire mass, the ideal eonditionsfordevelopment of bacteria and germs persist for a sufiieient length-of time to permit propagat1on=toan extent which, too often, renders the final product unavailable for the usesthereof sired. In the present improvement, the liquid under treatment isquiekly, and uniformly throughout the mass, brought to the desired: temperature, maintained at that temperature for the required length of time and without an appreciable interval of time elapsin quickly, and uniformly throughout the'entire 1l1flSS, C()Ol6d tO the desired temperature. This is all accomplished within the same vessel 1 and: by means -of the same instrun'ien'talities operating upon: the liquid within the vessel.

The results sought. to be accomplishedby certain heat treatments of liquid arehastened, and the product improved by aer: tion The present improvement makes provision for the aeration of the liquid at the:

same time it is being heated and being cooled, either with air at atmospheric temperature, or with air heated andcooled for these-steps respectively.

This improvementwhen used in counec tion with milk is not only useful in the passteurization of milk, but inthe manufacture of evaporated milk, and condensed milk, and

Fig: t is-a cr0ss-secti(m taken on a plane at about the line et-d of Fig. 2, looking'in the direction ofthe a rrow Fig. 5 is a top view, partly plan and partly horizontal section,- of the structure shown in Fig. 2, and i Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section of'tlie agitator shaft.

This improvedmethod and apparatus are useful in the treatment of many substances or'materials which are capable of flowing while under treatment. For the purposeo't the present description, however, the material under treatment will be assumed to be a liquidi an'd specifically milk; The apparatus and method are'peculiarly adaptable to the heat treatment of milk. The milk under treatment is contained. in a vessel 7, or treating ehamber: This vessel is provided with a jacket space 8 which is located between the ing, the'agitators will be heated and cooled.

The agitator shaft 10 is shown extending from end to end of the vessel 7, which vessel is illustrated with a semi-circular bottom and of elongated form. The shaft 10 is.

shown horizontally disposed. A partition 11 extends from end to end of the hollow shaft. Reference may be made to Fig. 6, which shows this shaft by itself. The inlet side 12 of the shaft is closed at the far end 13, and the outlet side 14 of the shaft is closed at the end 15 adjacent the inlet end. The shaft is mounted for rotation.

The agitators, which are shown in the form of disks 16, are shown elliptical in their section longitudinally of the shaft. The agitator disks are hollow, and each is provided with means of communication to both sides of the shaft partition, that is, each interior communicates with thesupply and exhaust sides 12 and 14 respectively. The connection with the supply side is shown as a conduit in the form of. a pipe 17 extending a short distance into the shaft and a short distance, in the present instance a little greater distance, into the interior of the agitator. The conduit for the exhaust is shown in the form of a tube18extending a substantially similar distance into the exhaust side of the hollow shaft and a shorter distance into the interior of the agitator. These conduits are shown substantially diametrically disposed. When the exhaust from the exhaust side 14 is open and fluid is supplied to the supply side 12, it will flow uniformly into all the agitator disks, filling these and flowing out at theopposite side. By a proper regulation of the area of opening into and from the disks in respect to the area of the passage 12 and 14, and of means of supplying and exhausting, all the agitators will be of uniform temperature.

When it is desired to entirely discharge liquid which is within the agitators, either for the purpose of emptying them to discontinue the use of the apparatus or for the purpose of changing the liquid which is employed, a dipper 19 is associated with each of the outlet conduits 18, so thatupon the rotation of the agitator disks the dipper'will collect the remnants of the liquid within the agitator, and direct these into the exhaust ordischarge conduit 18.

The supply for the agitators is shown con trolled by some suitable pump .20 which will pipe 22 and into the chamber 23 which surrounds the supply end of the shaft 10. The chamber is so located that the opening to the supply side 12 is at all times free to receive the liquid. The liquid, preferably hot water pump the liquid past the T 21 through the the shaft 10, T 25 and pipe 25 and into.

the. discharging nozzle 26. v This discharging nozzle is capable of oscillation, so that when the hot water which is being employed may be discharged, into the hot watertank 27 for reuse, and when cold water is being used the nozzle 26 will be swung into such.

aposition that the water will be discharged into a cold water tank 28 for reuse.

The .hot watertank is-shownyprovided with'a conduit 29 controlled :by a valve 30, and the cold water tank is shown provided with a. conduit 31 controlled by a valve 32 which connects by conduits 33' and 34 respectively with a conduit 35 leading through a valve 36 to a connecting conduit 37 which runs into the supply pipe 38 of the pump 20. By this means the water from the tanks 27 and 28 may be selectively drawnthrough the pump and passed through the agitators and discharged into either .of the tanks as desired.

The water for the jacket space8 will be led from the jacket 9 to the pump 20 through the conduit 39 past the valve '40,.

through shaft 10 to chamber, 24, and may also be led from the discharge ehamber24 by means of the conduits 41 past the ,T 42 and valve 43 to the. conduit. 44 and into the jacket space. A discharge for the water is vided for preventing undue pressure within the jacket. Such discharge in the present instance comprises a pipe 45, see Fig. 4, which pipe leads to some suitable waste not shown. This pipe has a connection at 46 with the upper portion of the jacket space.

It also has a connection 47 with the lower portion through the valve 48, and has a con nection 49 through the valve 50 at an intermediate point. This intermediate, connection is for the purpose ofmaintaining the acket partly filled withwater as occasion may demand.

The temperature of the jacket may be maintained by pumping the hot water into it, or it maybe maintained by, a supply of steam. An exhaust steam connection is shown at 51 entering thelower portion of the jacket 52,;also at 51, entering theconduit .44. A live steam supply is also illustrated at 53 (Fig. 3) having a connection 54 into the supply 38 for the pump, and a connection propast a suitable controlling device.

56into the chamber7 ,-sotliat the heat of live steammay' be applied to-the milk'under (Fi 3) is provided which connects with the live steam connections under control of the valve 57, so that the water may be caused to pass tothe jacket and to the'treating vessel 7, or any ofthese as occasion may demand, by theproper manipulation of the valves in this system of pipin In certain-treatment of the milk it is desirable that the milk be aerated during its heating and during its cooling. Purified airisan efficient medium for the aeration, and forthe present description air will be mentioned: At the top'of thechamber 7 on each side there is shown an air chamber 60 These air chambers are provided with connections 61 to which downwardly directed nozzles 62 are connected. These nozzles are shown extending to apoint near the bottom of the vessel 7 and substantially beneaththe agitator shaft 10. In the present illustration'the nozzles are disposed between adjacent agitator disks, and-alternately on opposite sides, so that a considerable amount of agitation of the milk is produced by the air dischargedthrough the nozzles; The air is shown supplied to the chambers 60 from a blower 63 which draws air by means of a conduit 64 through a filtering device 65 and discharges into the chambers 60 through its discharge conduit 66. I

A cover 67 is provided for the vessel 7, which cover fits down upon the top of the vessel with a substantially air-tight joint.

It isshown provided with a flange 68 resting upon a packing. 69'interposed between the flange and the top wall of the chamber 60. The air'is preferably exhausted from within the cover 67 by means of a fan 7 0 having a connection 71 with the end of the cover 67 and a discharge spout 72:

A suitable gage for" the contents of the vessel is shown at 73.

The contents of the vessel 7 will be drained off at some suitable point centrally located. Adischarge is shown at 74 controlled by a suitable valve 75.

The main driving shaft of the machine is illustrated at 76, (Figs. 3 and'5), driven by means of fast and'loose pulleys 7 7,755 from" a suitable belt not shown. Theshaft 20 of the pump 20 may be drivenfrom this shaft, as also the shaft of the agitator and the fans.

These drivin connections are obvious and form' no part of the present improvement and therefore are 'not described in detail.

In certain treatments of milk. for instance in making condensed milk, the thickened portions of the milk will at times adhere'to the surfaces of the agitators, thereby acting asv insulators and decreasing the efliciency thereofi A convenient form of scraper for keeping the surfaces free from this accumulation'isillustrated in Fig.2, and comprises a pair of wooden legs 79 shown pivoted together at 80. These legs conform substantially to the contour of the agitators and are held in engagement therewith by means of suitable extension spring 81 connected to the extending ends 82 of the legs 79. Thus the scrapers are held to their work yieldingly by the elastically yieldable connection 81. The scrapers may be readily removed for the purpose'of cleansing or when they are not needed. and may be as readily placed in position. The scrapers are shown held in position by means of a pair of longitudinally disposed bars 83 and cross bars 84.

The improved method will be carried out with the present mechanism in substantially the following manner: The milk to be treat ed will be placed in the vessel 7. Hot water will be drawn by means of the pump 20 from the tank 27 through the pipe 35, and also, after hot water enters the jacket 8,,from the latter, through the connection 39, and will be pumped past the T 21 into the chamber 23 and be caused to pass from the supply side 12'of the hollow longitudinally divided shaft 10 through the conduits 17 into the various agitators. From these agitators it will pass through the discharge conduits 18 into the discharge side of the said shaft 14, and from such shaft into the chamber 24, and from there partly back into tank 27 through pipe 26 and partly past the T 25 and through conduit 41, valve 43, conduit l t and into'the jacket space 8, andfrom such jacket space back to thepump by conduit 39 past valve 40 to conduit 38. If it is desired to raise the temperature beyond that produced by the circulation of the water in the jacket, exhaust steam will be admitted from the supply 51 by opening'the valve 52, and if further elevation of temperature is desired, the live steam will be admitted by the connection 54. If the milk requires to be brought to a still higher temperature than that aiforded'by means of the jacket and the agitators, live steam may be admitted by means of the connection 56 directly to the milk in the/vessel 7.

After the milk has been treated for a sufti cient length of time to bring it to the desired temperature, and maintained for a suitable time at that temperature, the supply tothe pump QOwill beshut off at valve 40 and the water permitted to exhaust from the agitators. The water will be drawn fl'om the'jacket' and dischargedthrough the pipe 45, and cold water will'then be drawn from thetank 28 into the pump ZOby opening valves 36aud32 and'closing valve 43, where upon the cold water is caused to circulate of milk under treatment in the vessel 7 will be uniformly brought to the desired telnpcrature rapidly, because the jacket will beof uniform temperature throughout, and the agitators of the series will be of a uniform temperature, and added to this the agitation ctiected by the aeration through'the nozzles (32 will make for uniformity of temperature. After themilk has been held at the desired temperature for the proper length of time, the heating medium will be quickly withdrawn and almost instantly replaced by a cooling medium which will have the same temperature throughout the entire apparatus, whereby the milk will have the heat rapidly removed and be brought down to the safe temperature. By th1s means injuriousresults which are liable to ensue if milk is permitted to remainat certain warm temperatures will be avoided, and the product will be that which is sought to be obtained.

Although but one form of apparatus has been described, and but one liquid mentioned specili :ally, yet it will be apparent that the.

invention is capable of being worked in con nection with various materials, and that changes-may be made in the apparatus within thescope of the claims, without departing from the spirit of the invention.

I claim as my invention:

1. The combination with a trough-shaped vessel, of an agitator located therein and comprising a horizontally disposed shaft and a series of agitators thereon, anda series of pipes extending to the bottom of the said vessel between the respective agitators and directed alternately from opposite sides, and means for passing air through said pipes.

2. The combination with a trough-shaped vessel, of an agitator located therein and comprising a horizontally disposed shaft and a series of agitators thereon, and a series of pipesextending toward the bottom of said vessel between the respective agitators and means for forcing air through said pipes.

3. In an apparatus for tempering milk, a vessel for the milk; disposed within said vessela hollow rotatory shaft divided by a therein throughout longitudinally extending medial'partition. into two equally di mensioned, respectively supply and ex haust,- compartments, each having a passage thereinto at opposite ends of the shaft a plurality of hollow disks concentrically carried by said shaft and tapering therefrom. to their respective peripheries; n

space 8 to the pump. At.

discharged into the cold water.

said last mentioned pipes.

inlet pipe venting. from said supply compartment into and toward the apexgof each disk, an outlet pipe venting from said disk into said exhaust compartment and disposed diametrically. opposite said ,inlet pipe, and means to produce a uniform flow oftempen ing liquid through said compartments, pipes and disks. a

4. In an apparatus for temperin milk, a vessel-for the milk; disposed within said vessel hollow therein throughout longitudinally extending medial partition into two equally dimensioned, respectively supply and exhaust, compartments, eaclrhaving a passage thereinto at opposite ends of the shaft; a plurality of hollow disks concentrically carried by said shaft and tapering therefrom to pipe venting from. said disk into said ex and d1sposed d1ametr1- haust compartment cally opposite said inlet pipe; means to produce a uniform flow. of tempering liquid through ,said compartments, pipes and disks; the bottom of said vessel between the respective disks, and means to. force air through 5. In an apparatus for tempering milk,'a vessel for the milk; disposed within said vessel a hollow rotatory shaft divided by a therein throughout longitudinally extending medial partition into two'equallyjdimensioned, respectively supply and exhaust, compartments, each having a passage thereinto. at opposite ends 'ofthe shaft; a plurality of hollow disks concentrically carried bysaid shaft and tapering. therefromto their respective peripheries; an inlet pipe venting from said supply compartment into and toward the apex of each disk, an outlet. pipe venting from .saiddisk into said ex-' haust compartment and disposed diametrially opposite said inlet pipe, means to yieldingly scrape the exteriorsurfaces of said disks during rotation, nd mean to produce a uniform flow. of tempering liquid through said compartments, pipes, and disks. .1

6. In an apparatusfor tempering IIIllK, a vessel for the milk; disposed withinsaid vessel a hollow rotatory shaft divided by a therein throughout. longitudinally extending medial 'partitionfinto two equally dimensioned, respectively supply and exhaust, compartments, each having a passage thereinto at opposite ends of the shaft; aplurality of hollow disksconcentrically carried by said shaft and "tapering therefrom to their respective peripheries; an inlet pipe ventingfrom saidsupply compartment into and toward the apex of each disk, an outlet pipe-venting from said disk into said exa series of pipes extending toward f hanst compartment and disposed diamet1'i the bottom of said vessel between the respeccally opposite said inletpipe; means to UVG disks, and means to force an through yieldingly scrape the exterior surfaces of sand last mentioned plpes.

said disks during rotation; means to pro- CHARLES H. CAMPBELL. v duce a uniform flow of tempering liquid \Vitnesses:

'thl'ou'gh said compartments, pipes and NATALIE ALLISON JOHNSON,

disks; :1 series of pipes extending town-rd WALTER ENGELS.

Copies ofl this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Eatenm,

Washington, D. G. 

